MPU Hal (#1492)

* Furi HAL: memory protection unit
* Core: prohibit NULL dereferencing, even for reads.
* Applications: fix NULL dereference
* Core: stack protection by MPU
* MPU: stack region alignment
* Apps: fix null pointer dereferences
* Threads: fix non-null arg check
* Desktop settings: fix null pointer dereference
* Core: documented null-check hack
* Fix null dereference issues
* Apps: args check
* Core: naming fixes
* format code
* Core: remove NONNULL specifier
* FurHal: move MPU initialization to begining, fix enum naming

Co-authored-by: あく <alleteam@gmail.com>

firmware/targets/furi_hal_include/furi_hal_mpu.h

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+/**
+ * @file furi_hal_light.h
+ * Light control HAL API
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+typedef enum {
+    FuriHalMpuRegionNULL = 0x00, // region 0 used to protect null pointer dereference
+    FuriHalMpuRegionStack = 0x01, // region 1 used to protect stack
+    FuriHalMpuRegion2 = 0x02,
+    FuriHalMpuRegion3 = 0x03,
+    FuriHalMpuRegion4 = 0x04,
+    FuriHalMpuRegion5 = 0x05,
+    FuriHalMpuRegion6 = 0x06,
+    FuriHalMpuRegion7 = 0x07,
+} FuriHalMpuRegion;
+
+typedef enum {
+    FuriHalMPURegionSize32B = 0x04U,
+    FuriHalMPURegionSize64B = 0x05U,
+    FuriHalMPURegionSize128B = 0x06U,
+    FuriHalMPURegionSize256B = 0x07U,
+    FuriHalMPURegionSize512B = 0x08U,
+    FuriHalMPURegionSize1KB = 0x09U,
+    FuriHalMPURegionSize2KB = 0x0AU,
+    FuriHalMPURegionSize4KB = 0x0BU,
+    FuriHalMPURegionSize8KB = 0x0CU,
+    FuriHalMPURegionSize16KB = 0x0DU,
+    FuriHalMPURegionSize32KB = 0x0EU,
+    FuriHalMPURegionSize64KB = 0x0FU,
+    FuriHalMPURegionSize128KB = 0x10U,
+    FuriHalMPURegionSize256KB = 0x11U,
+    FuriHalMPURegionSize512KB = 0x12U,
+    FuriHalMPURegionSize1MB = 0x13U,
+    FuriHalMPURegionSize2MB = 0x14U,
+    FuriHalMPURegionSize4MB = 0x15U,
+    FuriHalMPURegionSize8MB = 0x16U,
+    FuriHalMPURegionSize16MB = 0x17U,
+    FuriHalMPURegionSize32MB = 0x18U,
+    FuriHalMPURegionSize64MB = 0x19U,
+    FuriHalMPURegionSize128MB = 0x1AU,
+    FuriHalMPURegionSize256MB = 0x1BU,
+    FuriHalMPURegionSize512MB = 0x1CU,
+    FuriHalMPURegionSize1GB = 0x1DU,
+    FuriHalMPURegionSize2GB = 0x1EU,
+    FuriHalMPURegionSize4GB = 0x1FU,
+} FuriHalMPURegionSize;
+
+/**
+ * @brief Initialize memory protection unit
+ */
+void furi_hal_mpu_init();
+
+/**
+* @brief Enable memory protection unit
+*/
+void furi_hal_mpu_enable();
+
+/**
+* @brief Disable memory protection unit
+*/
+void furi_hal_mpu_disable();
+
+void furi_hal_mpu_protect_no_access(
+    FuriHalMpuRegion region,
+    uint32_t address,
+    FuriHalMPURegionSize size);
+
+void furi_hal_mpu_protect_read_only(
+    FuriHalMpuRegion region,
+    uint32_t address,
+    FuriHalMPURegionSize size);
+
+void furi_hal_mpu_protect_disable(FuriHalMpuRegion region);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif