diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b63da45
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+.gradle
+build/
+!gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.jar
+!**/src/main/**/build/
+!**/src/test/**/build/
+
+### IntelliJ IDEA ###
+.idea/modules.xml
+.idea/jarRepositories.xml
+.idea/compiler.xml
+.idea/libraries/
+*.iws
+*.iml
+*.ipr
+out/
+!**/src/main/**/out/
+!**/src/test/**/out/
+
+### Eclipse ###
+.apt_generated
+.classpath
+.factorypath
+.project
+.settings
+.springBeans
+.sts4-cache
+bin/
+!**/src/main/**/bin/
+!**/src/test/**/bin/
+
+### NetBeans ###
+/nbproject/private/
+/nbbuild/
+/dist/
+/nbdist/
+/.nb-gradle/
+
+### VS Code ###
+.vscode/
+
+### Mac OS ###
+.DS_Store
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/.idea/.gitignore b/.idea/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..13566b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.idea/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# Default ignored files
+/shelf/
+/workspace.xml
+# Editor-based HTTP Client requests
+/httpRequests/
+# Datasource local storage ignored files
+/dataSources/
+/dataSources.local.xml
diff --git a/.idea/gradle.xml b/.idea/gradle.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..578f1f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.idea/gradle.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/.idea/misc.xml b/.idea/misc.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..054629e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.idea/misc.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/.idea/uiDesigner.xml b/.idea/uiDesigner.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2b63946
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.idea/uiDesigner.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+
+
+
+
+ -
+
+
+ -
+
+
+ -
+
+
+ -
+
+
+ -
+
+
+
+
+
+ -
+
+
+
+
+
+ -
+
+
+
+
+
+ -
+
+
+
+
+
+ -
+
+
+
+
+ -
+
+
+
+
+ -
+
+
+
+
+ -
+
+
+
+
+ -
+
+
+
+
+ -
+
+
+
+
+ -
+
+
+ -
+
+
+
+
+ -
+
+
+
+
+ -
+
+
+
+
+ -
+
+
+
+
+ -
+
+
+
+
+ -
+
+
+ -
+
+
+ -
+
+
+ -
+
+
+ -
+
+
+
+
+ -
+
+
+ -
+
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/.idea/vcs.xml b/.idea/vcs.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..35eb1dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.idea/vcs.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+
+
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/build.gradle.kts b/build.gradle.kts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c2fe34f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/build.gradle.kts
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+plugins {
+ id("java")
+}
+
+group = "com.cleverthis.interview"
+version = "1.0-SNAPSHOT"
+
+repositories {
+ mavenCentral()
+}
+
+dependencies {
+ implementation(project(":padlock-impl"))
+
+ testImplementation(platform("org.junit:junit-bom:5.9.1"))
+ testImplementation("org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter")
+}
+
+java {
+ sourceCompatibility = JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
+ targetCompatibility = JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
+}
+
+tasks.test {
+ useJUnitPlatform()
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.jar b/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.jar
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..249e583
Binary files /dev/null and b/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.jar differ
diff --git a/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.properties b/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.properties
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a4071ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.properties
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+#Tue Mar 12 14:12:45 CST 2024
+distributionBase=GRADLE_USER_HOME
+distributionPath=wrapper/dists
+distributionUrl=https\://services.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-8.4-bin.zip
+zipStoreBase=GRADLE_USER_HOME
+zipStorePath=wrapper/dists
diff --git a/gradlew b/gradlew
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..1b6c787
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gradlew
@@ -0,0 +1,234 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+#
+# Copyright © 2015-2021 the original authors.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+# https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+#
+
+##############################################################################
+#
+# Gradle start up script for POSIX generated by Gradle.
+#
+# Important for running:
+#
+# (1) You need a POSIX-compliant shell to run this script. If your /bin/sh is
+# noncompliant, but you have some other compliant shell such as ksh or
+# bash, then to run this script, type that shell name before the whole
+# command line, like:
+#
+# ksh Gradle
+#
+# Busybox and similar reduced shells will NOT work, because this script
+# requires all of these POSIX shell features:
+# * functions;
+# * expansions «$var», «${var}», «${var:-default}», «${var+SET}»,
+# «${var#prefix}», «${var%suffix}», and «$( cmd )»;
+# * compound commands having a testable exit status, especially «case»;
+# * various built-in commands including «command», «set», and «ulimit».
+#
+# Important for patching:
+#
+# (2) This script targets any POSIX shell, so it avoids extensions provided
+# by Bash, Ksh, etc; in particular arrays are avoided.
+#
+# The "traditional" practice of packing multiple parameters into a
+# space-separated string is a well documented source of bugs and security
+# problems, so this is (mostly) avoided, by progressively accumulating
+# options in "$@", and eventually passing that to Java.
+#
+# Where the inherited environment variables (DEFAULT_JVM_OPTS, JAVA_OPTS,
+# and GRADLE_OPTS) rely on word-splitting, this is performed explicitly;
+# see the in-line comments for details.
+#
+# There are tweaks for specific operating systems such as AIX, CygWin,
+# Darwin, MinGW, and NonStop.
+#
+# (3) This script is generated from the Groovy template
+# https://github.com/gradle/gradle/blob/master/subprojects/plugins/src/main/resources/org/gradle/api/internal/plugins/unixStartScript.txt
+# within the Gradle project.
+#
+# You can find Gradle at https://github.com/gradle/gradle/.
+#
+##############################################################################
+
+# Attempt to set APP_HOME
+
+# Resolve links: $0 may be a link
+app_path=$0
+
+# Need this for daisy-chained symlinks.
+while
+ APP_HOME=${app_path%"${app_path##*/}"} # leaves a trailing /; empty if no leading path
+ [ -h "$app_path" ]
+do
+ ls=$( ls -ld "$app_path" )
+ link=${ls#*' -> '}
+ case $link in #(
+ /*) app_path=$link ;; #(
+ *) app_path=$APP_HOME$link ;;
+ esac
+done
+
+APP_HOME=$( cd "${APP_HOME:-./}" && pwd -P ) || exit
+
+APP_NAME="Gradle"
+APP_BASE_NAME=${0##*/}
+
+# Add default JVM options here. You can also use JAVA_OPTS and GRADLE_OPTS to pass JVM options to this script.
+DEFAULT_JVM_OPTS='"-Xmx64m" "-Xms64m"'
+
+# Use the maximum available, or set MAX_FD != -1 to use that value.
+MAX_FD=maximum
+
+warn () {
+ echo "$*"
+} >&2
+
+die () {
+ echo
+ echo "$*"
+ echo
+ exit 1
+} >&2
+
+# OS specific support (must be 'true' or 'false').
+cygwin=false
+msys=false
+darwin=false
+nonstop=false
+case "$( uname )" in #(
+ CYGWIN* ) cygwin=true ;; #(
+ Darwin* ) darwin=true ;; #(
+ MSYS* | MINGW* ) msys=true ;; #(
+ NONSTOP* ) nonstop=true ;;
+esac
+
+CLASSPATH=$APP_HOME/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.jar
+
+
+# Determine the Java command to use to start the JVM.
+if [ -n "$JAVA_HOME" ] ; then
+ if [ -x "$JAVA_HOME/jre/sh/java" ] ; then
+ # IBM's JDK on AIX uses strange locations for the executables
+ JAVACMD=$JAVA_HOME/jre/sh/java
+ else
+ JAVACMD=$JAVA_HOME/bin/java
+ fi
+ if [ ! -x "$JAVACMD" ] ; then
+ die "ERROR: JAVA_HOME is set to an invalid directory: $JAVA_HOME
+
+Please set the JAVA_HOME variable in your environment to match the
+location of your Java installation."
+ fi
+else
+ JAVACMD=java
+ which java >/dev/null 2>&1 || die "ERROR: JAVA_HOME is not set and no 'java' command could be found in your PATH.
+
+Please set the JAVA_HOME variable in your environment to match the
+location of your Java installation."
+fi
+
+# Increase the maximum file descriptors if we can.
+if ! "$cygwin" && ! "$darwin" && ! "$nonstop" ; then
+ case $MAX_FD in #(
+ max*)
+ MAX_FD=$( ulimit -H -n ) ||
+ warn "Could not query maximum file descriptor limit"
+ esac
+ case $MAX_FD in #(
+ '' | soft) :;; #(
+ *)
+ ulimit -n "$MAX_FD" ||
+ warn "Could not set maximum file descriptor limit to $MAX_FD"
+ esac
+fi
+
+# Collect all arguments for the java command, stacking in reverse order:
+# * args from the command line
+# * the main class name
+# * -classpath
+# * -D...appname settings
+# * --module-path (only if needed)
+# * DEFAULT_JVM_OPTS, JAVA_OPTS, and GRADLE_OPTS environment variables.
+
+# For Cygwin or MSYS, switch paths to Windows format before running java
+if "$cygwin" || "$msys" ; then
+ APP_HOME=$( cygpath --path --mixed "$APP_HOME" )
+ CLASSPATH=$( cygpath --path --mixed "$CLASSPATH" )
+
+ JAVACMD=$( cygpath --unix "$JAVACMD" )
+
+ # Now convert the arguments - kludge to limit ourselves to /bin/sh
+ for arg do
+ if
+ case $arg in #(
+ -*) false ;; # don't mess with options #(
+ /?*) t=${arg#/} t=/${t%%/*} # looks like a POSIX filepath
+ [ -e "$t" ] ;; #(
+ *) false ;;
+ esac
+ then
+ arg=$( cygpath --path --ignore --mixed "$arg" )
+ fi
+ # Roll the args list around exactly as many times as the number of
+ # args, so each arg winds up back in the position where it started, but
+ # possibly modified.
+ #
+ # NB: a `for` loop captures its iteration list before it begins, so
+ # changing the positional parameters here affects neither the number of
+ # iterations, nor the values presented in `arg`.
+ shift # remove old arg
+ set -- "$@" "$arg" # push replacement arg
+ done
+fi
+
+# Collect all arguments for the java command;
+# * $DEFAULT_JVM_OPTS, $JAVA_OPTS, and $GRADLE_OPTS can contain fragments of
+# shell script including quotes and variable substitutions, so put them in
+# double quotes to make sure that they get re-expanded; and
+# * put everything else in single quotes, so that it's not re-expanded.
+
+set -- \
+ "-Dorg.gradle.appname=$APP_BASE_NAME" \
+ -classpath "$CLASSPATH" \
+ org.gradle.wrapper.GradleWrapperMain \
+ "$@"
+
+# Use "xargs" to parse quoted args.
+#
+# With -n1 it outputs one arg per line, with the quotes and backslashes removed.
+#
+# In Bash we could simply go:
+#
+# readarray ARGS < <( xargs -n1 <<<"$var" ) &&
+# set -- "${ARGS[@]}" "$@"
+#
+# but POSIX shell has neither arrays nor command substitution, so instead we
+# post-process each arg (as a line of input to sed) to backslash-escape any
+# character that might be a shell metacharacter, then use eval to reverse
+# that process (while maintaining the separation between arguments), and wrap
+# the whole thing up as a single "set" statement.
+#
+# This will of course break if any of these variables contains a newline or
+# an unmatched quote.
+#
+
+eval "set -- $(
+ printf '%s\n' "$DEFAULT_JVM_OPTS $JAVA_OPTS $GRADLE_OPTS" |
+ xargs -n1 |
+ sed ' s~[^-[:alnum:]+,./:=@_]~\\&~g; ' |
+ tr '\n' ' '
+ )" '"$@"'
+
+exec "$JAVACMD" "$@"
diff --git a/gradlew.bat b/gradlew.bat
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ac1b06f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gradlew.bat
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+@rem
+@rem Copyright 2015 the original author or authors.
+@rem
+@rem Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+@rem you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+@rem You may obtain a copy of the License at
+@rem
+@rem https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+@rem
+@rem Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+@rem distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+@rem WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+@rem See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+@rem limitations under the License.
+@rem
+
+@if "%DEBUG%" == "" @echo off
+@rem ##########################################################################
+@rem
+@rem Gradle startup script for Windows
+@rem
+@rem ##########################################################################
+
+@rem Set local scope for the variables with windows NT shell
+if "%OS%"=="Windows_NT" setlocal
+
+set DIRNAME=%~dp0
+if "%DIRNAME%" == "" set DIRNAME=.
+set APP_BASE_NAME=%~n0
+set APP_HOME=%DIRNAME%
+
+@rem Resolve any "." and ".." in APP_HOME to make it shorter.
+for %%i in ("%APP_HOME%") do set APP_HOME=%%~fi
+
+@rem Add default JVM options here. You can also use JAVA_OPTS and GRADLE_OPTS to pass JVM options to this script.
+set DEFAULT_JVM_OPTS="-Xmx64m" "-Xms64m"
+
+@rem Find java.exe
+if defined JAVA_HOME goto findJavaFromJavaHome
+
+set JAVA_EXE=java.exe
+%JAVA_EXE% -version >NUL 2>&1
+if "%ERRORLEVEL%" == "0" goto execute
+
+echo.
+echo ERROR: JAVA_HOME is not set and no 'java' command could be found in your PATH.
+echo.
+echo Please set the JAVA_HOME variable in your environment to match the
+echo location of your Java installation.
+
+goto fail
+
+:findJavaFromJavaHome
+set JAVA_HOME=%JAVA_HOME:"=%
+set JAVA_EXE=%JAVA_HOME%/bin/java.exe
+
+if exist "%JAVA_EXE%" goto execute
+
+echo.
+echo ERROR: JAVA_HOME is set to an invalid directory: %JAVA_HOME%
+echo.
+echo Please set the JAVA_HOME variable in your environment to match the
+echo location of your Java installation.
+
+goto fail
+
+:execute
+@rem Setup the command line
+
+set CLASSPATH=%APP_HOME%\gradle\wrapper\gradle-wrapper.jar
+
+
+@rem Execute Gradle
+"%JAVA_EXE%" %DEFAULT_JVM_OPTS% %JAVA_OPTS% %GRADLE_OPTS% "-Dorg.gradle.appname=%APP_BASE_NAME%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" org.gradle.wrapper.GradleWrapperMain %*
+
+:end
+@rem End local scope for the variables with windows NT shell
+if "%ERRORLEVEL%"=="0" goto mainEnd
+
+:fail
+rem Set variable GRADLE_EXIT_CONSOLE if you need the _script_ return code instead of
+rem the _cmd.exe /c_ return code!
+if not "" == "%GRADLE_EXIT_CONSOLE%" exit 1
+exit /b 1
+
+:mainEnd
+if "%OS%"=="Windows_NT" endlocal
+
+:omega
diff --git a/padlock-impl/build.gradle.kts b/padlock-impl/build.gradle.kts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0aa5bde
--- /dev/null
+++ b/padlock-impl/build.gradle.kts
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+plugins {
+ id("java")
+}
+
+group = "com.cleverthis.interview"
+version = "1.0-SNAPSHOT"
+
+repositories {
+ mavenCentral()
+}
+
+dependencies {
+ testImplementation(platform("org.junit:junit-bom:5.9.1"))
+ testImplementation("org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter")
+}
+
+tasks.test {
+ useJUnitPlatform()
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/padlock-impl/src/main/java/com/cleverthis/interview/padlock/Padlock.java b/padlock-impl/src/main/java/com/cleverthis/interview/padlock/Padlock.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fb8ebe6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/padlock-impl/src/main/java/com/cleverthis/interview/padlock/Padlock.java
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+package com.cleverthis.interview.padlock;
+
+import java.security.InvalidParameterException;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import static com.cleverthis.interview.padlock.Utils.ensureSleep;
+
+/**
+ * This is a logical representation of a physical padlock with a numpad.
+ *
+ * The padlock has the following features:
+ *
+ * All the keys/buttons on the numpad is used exactly once.
+ * Which means codes like 1234 and 1432 is valid, but codes like
+ * 112 or 1332 is invalid.
+ * Writing to the passcode input buffer of the padlock is an
+ * expensive operation, since the hardware need to figure out the
+ * memory address every time you write. Thus an write operation
+ * can take seconds to finish.
+ * Ask padlock if a passcode is correct is fast.
+ * If the padlock reject your input, the input buffer remain
+ * unchanged. There is NO reset on failed attempts.
+ *
+ *
+ * After create, the input buffer is empty, you have to initialize.
+ */
+public class Padlock {
+ private final int numpadSize;
+ private final Integer[] inputBuffer;
+ private final Integer[] correctPasscode;
+
+ /**
+ * Create a padlock instance.
+ *
+ * @param numpadSize The number of buttons on the numpad of this lock.
+ */
+ public Padlock(int numpadSize) {
+ if (numpadSize < 1) throw new IllegalArgumentException("numpadSize must be a positive number");
+ this.numpadSize = numpadSize;
+ this.inputBuffer = new Integer[numpadSize];
+ List answer = new ArrayList<>(numpadSize);
+ for (int i = 0; i < numpadSize; i++)
+ answer.add(i);
+ Collections.shuffle(answer);
+ this.correctPasscode = answer.toArray(new Integer[0]);
+ }
+
+ public int getNumpadSize() {
+ return numpadSize;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Write a digit into padlock's input buffer. This is a very expensive operation.
+ *
+ * @param address The digits you want to write. Range: [0, numpadSize)
+ * @param keyIndex The key/button index you want to put here. Range: [0, numpadSize)
+ * @return The old value, null if not initialized.
+ */
+ public synchronized Integer writeInputBuffer(int address, int keyIndex) {
+ ensureSleep(1000);
+ if (keyIndex < 0 || keyIndex >= numpadSize)
+ throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+ "keyIndex out of range. Keypad size: " + numpadSize + ", keyIndex: " + keyIndex);
+ Integer oldValue = inputBuffer[address];
+ inputBuffer[address] = keyIndex;
+ return oldValue;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Check if the input buffer contains a correct passcode.
+ *
+ * @return true if the passcode is correct; false if passcode is wrong.
+ * @throws IllegalStateException if the input buffer is not a valid passcode
+ */
+ public synchronized boolean isPasscodeCorrect() {
+ // first check if the input is legal
+ boolean[] uniqueTestArr = new boolean[numpadSize];
+ for (Integer i : inputBuffer) {
+ if (i == null) throw new IllegalStateException(
+ "Passcode invalid: contain uninitialized value. " + Arrays.toString(inputBuffer));
+ if (uniqueTestArr[i]) throw new IllegalStateException(
+ "Passcode invalid: contain duplicated value. " + Arrays.toString(inputBuffer));
+ uniqueTestArr[i] = true;
+ }
+ // if no exception, means:
+ // every digit is unique, and every digit is initialized
+ // aka this is a valid code
+ // now compare with our answer
+ return Arrays.equals(correctPasscode, inputBuffer);
+ }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/padlock-impl/src/main/java/com/cleverthis/interview/padlock/Utils.java b/padlock-impl/src/main/java/com/cleverthis/interview/padlock/Utils.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..118f6a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/padlock-impl/src/main/java/com/cleverthis/interview/padlock/Utils.java
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+package com.cleverthis.interview.padlock;
+
+class Utils {
+ /**
+ * Ensure we will wait a given amount of time even if there are interruptions.
+ *
+ * @param millis The time you want to sleep, measure in millisecond.
+ */
+ public static void ensureSleep(long millis) {
+ long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis() + millis;
+ while (endTime > System.currentTimeMillis()) {
+ try {
+ //noinspection BusyWait
+ Thread.sleep(endTime - System.currentTimeMillis());
+ } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+ // do nothing when interrupted, will re-sleep in next loop
+ } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+}
diff --git a/settings.gradle.kts b/settings.gradle.kts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3c0924d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/settings.gradle.kts
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+rootProject.name = "padlock"
+include("padlock-impl")